Cancer and its associated treatments can affect appetite, the way food tastes and a patient’s ability to chew and swallow. Anna Van Osch is a registered dietitian with the Odette Cancer Centre, Patient & Family Support Program. She dispels some myths and shares answers to the most common questions she and her team field when meeting with patients.
Does sugar feed cancer?
No. Sugar is a carbohydrate and all cells in the body use carbohydrates for energy. If you avoid carbohydrates, that could actually lead to undesired weight loss which is associated with worse outcomes. While it’s always a good idea to focus on eating a variety of nutritious foods, there is no dietary change that can “starve” cancer cells.
Is it ok to eat soy (isoflavones)?
Yes, even for people with hormone-sensitive cancers like breast and prostate cancer. Furthermore, studies suggest that up to three servings of soy foods – like one cup of soy milk or one-third cup of tofu – per day may be protective against colorectal, prostate and breast cancer. It is not recommended to take soy supplements, since they have much higher levels of isoflavones.
Should I avoid eating red meat?
No, but remember moderation. Red meats like beef, pork and lamb provide protein and important vitamins and minerals that are part of a balanced diet. If you choose to eat red meat, limit it to three servings a week; higher amounts are linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. When it comes to processed meats like bacon and deli meats, try to avoid them or only eat small amounts.
Is it safe to eat dairy?
Yes. Dairy provides calories, protein, calcium and vitamin D, which are all important for a healthy diet. Canadian farmers are not allowed to use growth hormones in dairy cows, and all milk is tested to make sure it’s free of antibiotics.
Are there any benefits to opting for organic produce?
Eating fruits, vegetables and other plant-based foods, whether they are farmed organically or traditionally, is the best way to reduce your risk of cancer through food. It’s recommended that patients choose produce they enjoy the taste of and that fits their budget. That can include choosing fruits and vegetables that are canned, fresh or frozen.
Should I be taking vitamin/mineral supplements?
No, unless your health-care team recommends you to do so. The body uses vitamins and minerals best when a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and protein foods are included in the diet.
Should all patients undergoing cancer treatment change their diet?
No, unless there are issues with weight loss or symptoms that make it difficult to eat. Following Canada’s Food Guide (food-guide.canada.ca) is a good starting point, and supports a balanced diet containing lots of vegetables, fruits, whole grains and adequate sources of protein. Talk to your health-care team if you have any questions. The Odette Cancer Centre also has nutrition resources for additional support. (Sunnybrook.ca/cancernutrition)
