Cancer treatment, like radiation, chemotherapy and surgery, can profoundly impact your appetite and ability to eat. Registered dietitian Pauline Wisdom-Gilliam of the Odette Patient and Family Support Program shares her approaches for dealing with nutrition-related issues during the cancer treatment journey.
Radiation Therapy. Side effects usually start the second or third week of treatment, and can range from nausea, trouble swallowing and changes in bowel function. If you are undergoing radiation therapy, try to eat a light meal or snack at least one hour before treatment. Eat regular meals and snacks that include good sources of protein throughout the day to maintain your weight, strength and energy.
Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can cause fatigue, changes in bowel function, loss of appetite, a sore mouth and nausea. On chemotherapy days, it’s advised to eat a light meal or snack before treatment, and bring a snack with you. Eat regular meals and snacks throughout the day that are rich in protein. Maintaining your weight will also help with your blood counts.
How many calories do you need? It’s important to try and maintain a healthy body weight throughout cancer treatment. You will need enough calories to maintain your weight, and that’s typically 25-30 calories per kg of body weight. Protein is also important to incorporate into your daily diet, and generally you will need 0.8-1.5gm per kg of body weight. You may wish to speak with a registered dietitian about the specific recommended amounts for you.
Don’t forget fluids. Staying hydrated will help your body throughout treatment. If you find it hard to eat solids, opt for fluids with food value rather than water. Choose fluids with calories and protein, like milkshakes, smoothies, soups, fruit and vegetable juices and frozen juice bars.
The benefits. There are many benefits of good nutrition during cancer treatment. They include improved strength and energy, weight maintenance, better tolerance to cancer-related side effects, lower risk of infection and improved healing.
Immune system boost. Eating well will keep your immune system working at its best. Make sure you follow safe food practices, like washing kitchen surfaces and food properly, and cooking and storing foods appropriately. Avoid raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk, juices and cider, untested well water and uncooked vegetable sprouts.
Supplements. During cancer treatment, supplementing with large doses of anti-oxidants (ie. Vitamins A, E, C, selenium, zinc) is not recommended. Rather, focus on a healthy diet that is rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, lean meats, poultry and fish.
Ask for help. Because radiation and chemotherapy can cause fatigue, ask family and friends for help preparing meals. Purchase foods that are easy to prepare, and stock your pantry with foods you enjoy. If you can, cook foods and freeze them in advance of your treatment. Talk to a dietitian if you have questions or concerns.
